Bacterial replication

Bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction by whixh one cell divides into two cell of the same size. This process starts from an origin of replication, which opens up into a replication bubble. The replication bubble separates the DNA double strand, each strand acts as template form synthesis of a daughter strand by semiconservative replication, until the entire DNA is replicated. After the replicational process, cell growth occurs. Each circular DNA strand then attaches to the c ell membrane, sometimes by a mesosome. The cell elongates, causing the two chromosomes to separate. Cell division in bacteria is is controlled by the septal ring, a collection of about a dozen proteins that collect around the site of division. there, they direct assembly of the division septum. The cell wall and plasma membrane starts growing transversely from near the middle of the dividing cell between the two mesosomes. The dividing septum originates centripetally and separates the parent cell into two nearly equal daughter cells, each having a nuclear body. The cell membrane then ivaginates and splits the cell into two daughter cells, separated by a newly grown cell plate. This process is called cytokinesis.

Viruses and their way of entering the host cell

A viral infection begins when the genome of the virus enters the host cell. Once it's inside, the viral genome commandeers the host, it reprograms the cell to copy viral nucleic acid and manufacture proteins from the viral genome. The nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres self-assemble into viral particles and exit the cell. Viruses were discovered by researching the cause of tobacco mosaic disease. viruses have viral envelopes cloaking their capsids these envelopes are derived from the membrane of the host cell. The most complex capsids are found in viruses that infect bacteria, these are called bacteriophage or phages. Viruses are infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid ina protein coat or membranous envelope. Some